Eng 125 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Eng 125 - Term Paper Example In any case, perusers regularly neglect to comprehend the experience of the writing and think that its hard to get a handle on the idea, for this they have to know the methodologies and types of writing that they are experiencing. Interfacing what is being perused to what is being experienced can be testing and this is the thing that the content clarifies us. It is all the more intriguing in light of the fact that it gives the comprehension and information on the various types of writing that a large portion of the perusers don't comprehend while experiencing the writing. It is apparent that less individuals have interests in sonnets and plays as they are the ones who comprehend the structure, for other people, this content is fascinating as it advises about the structures to assist them with understanding the abstract work that they read. The presentation about the class, creative mind, understanding and the amusingness gives a fascinating perspective to the peruser of this content (Massi, ?2001). As sketched out in this section, the methodology of the peruser ought to be available so as to encounter the abstract work. There are a few different ways to move toward the abstract analysis. Scholarly analysis implies dissecting, comprehension and deciphering what is being communicated. A peruser is the pundit and he can break down the scholarly work just when he comprehends and encounters the work. So as to decipher and look at a story, sonnet or play the methodology that the peruser will utilize is the peruser reaction approach. So as to get into the excursion of writing which implies the peruser needs to interface with what is being stated, investigate it by contemplations and make inferences by the assistance of his reaction. The peruser needs to locate an individual connect to the writing particularly the verse or play. The peruser reaction approach is the most prominently utilized methodology in writing (Trace, 2002). The story, sonnet or play is frequently a necdotal and utilizes topics which identify with the author’s perspective thus perusers regularly think that its hard to comprehend or encounter. The excursion to writing is associating the creative mind of the writer to one’s own creative mind. Since the perusing of a story, sonnet, or play hauls the peruser to a conjured up universe, deserting the circumstances of the world wherein the peruser is breathing and living to a fictional universe made by the creator. So as to apply the peruser reaction approach for such scholarly works, it is significant for the peruser to interface and relate the writing to their genuine lives and their own minds so they can locate a particular part of the work. So as to make a logical exposition about the story, sonnet or play, the peruser must ensure he is cautious towards the inquiries that what caught his advantage, what emotions did he get, did it associate with his life, how can it identify with different functions, what is the insp iration to interface with this artistic work and did this association improve comprehension of new things. This methodology might be trying as the story, sonnets and plays are written in the author’s perspective. The peruser must part with his encompassing world while encountering the writing so as to investigate and interface with it. In addition, to encounter these types of writing, the peruser must have the goal to go himself to the fictional universe which is depicted. A basic reaction to the narratives, sonnets and plays of fiction need full focus. Associating and encountering the

Same Sex Marriage Essay

Same Sex Marriage Essay Same Sex Marriage Essay Allen 1 Alyssa Allen Mrs. Fisher Adv. English 2 May 2014 Same-Sex Marriage Ever since the remarkable radical development in the 1960’s individuals were left finding themselves in new manners. It got satisfactory for a man and a man to be infatuated, alongside a lady and a lady and even a man to be a lady and the other way around. However, not every person discovered this as a â€Å"acceptable method of life†. Since the time individuals started to turn out to be increasingly open about their sexual direction they started battling for their privileges. All things considered, you love who you love and nobody else ought to have the option to keep you from carrying on with a cheerful, protected, safeguarded life. Most of individuals who restrict same-sex marriage do it since they accept that letting gay couples get hitched would rethink marriage itself. Well duh that’s the point. Be that as it may, what is marriage? There are various approaches to take a gander at it; when two individuals are joined in a consensual and lega lly binding relationship perceived by law or only a cozy association. However, most overlook the pledges one must take in such association, â€Å"to have and to hold, from this day forward, for better, for more awful, for more extravagant, for more unfortunate, in disorder and in wellbeing, til' the very end do us part†. I accept this is the best meaning of marriage there is. Letting gay couples get hitched doesn't offer this expression any more vulnerable, it fortifies it (Rauch). At the point when you get hitched you are taking one for all Allen 2 they are and all they offer and promising to cherish them and be there for them until the day they bite the dust. Presently for what reason would you deny somebody their entitlement to cherish another on the grounds that they are a similar sexual orientation? Since you don’t like it? Regardless of whether you don't care for it or in case you're against it, how does a total stranger’s life influence you in any capacity? On the off chance that a gay couple got hitched right presently how might it influence you and the manner in which you carry on with your life. So why not simply let them get hitched. Another contention one may make against gay marriage harms kids. They feel that kids do best when they are raised by wedded, natural guardians, which is valid however not totally. Indeed, a kid may improve one mother and one father each yet it isn't something that would have an immense effect in their lives. Over 33% of youngsters today don’t live with two wedded guardians, something that has been going on decades before same-sex marriage tagged along. Marriage additionally joins non-organic guardians to youngsters; couples who receive their kids, step-guardians who wed into parenthood and LGBT couples. Numerous gay couples have children and the main thing that exacerbates things is the way that those children’s guardians can’t get hitched, not the way that they are being raised by two fathers or two mothers. The fundamental explanation a great many people are against gay marriage is a direct result of strict reasons, and they imagine that crashes with strict freedoms are unavoidable. For instance, consider the possibility that a Salvation Army laborer couldn’t get medicinal services benefits for his significant other. Or on the other hand an understudy at a Baptist school couldn’t get marriage-understudy lodging with her better half? Which is justifiable, however not so much evident. We realize it is a reasonable circumstance since we have just managed it with regards to fetus removal (Rauch). There is a strict freedom that is given that forestalls Allen 3 Catholic clinics from playing out the strategy. The equivalent should be possible about same-sex marriage. So it very well is something that can be managed. Our nation is part down the middle in several different ways. Half of the nation restricts same-sex marriage, the other is for it. Half of the nation figures we ought to have a similar arrangement across the country, thinking if various states had various strategies it would be turmoil. In any case, that’s not the situation. Each state has distinctive marriage gauges like, regardless of whether you can wed a blood relative or the time of assent or on separate, etc. I accept a moderate and continuous change is the thing that America needs to gradually modify its kin

Mobile Phone Technology And Society Example

Mobile Phone Technology And Society Example Mobile Phone: Technology And Society â€" Term Paper Example > Mobile Phones: Changing the Way Society InteractsAbstractCell phone technology has and will continue to transform our lives as we have instant communication at our fingertips anytime, from almost anywhere. From children using or misusing cell phones to the concerns over environmental issues of cell phone disposal and more and more cell towers cropping up over the landscape, cell phones have sparked many a study and a good number of debates about their usefulness or their dangers to health and social well being. For better or for worse, cell phones are here to stay and they appear to be becoming more and more sophisticated, capable of relaying photo and video images almost instantaneously as well as keeping their user updated on current news and weather. Soon cell phones could replace ATM machines, as they can be programmed with a chip containing electronic cash. How far can the technology go? And how will it affect us? IntroductionThe advent of mobile and cellular phone technology enabled business and families to communicate more efficiently; no longer did the person on the road have to search for a working pay phone to make a call, only to find out that their change was wasted on an answering machine or answering service informing the caller that the person they were seeking was away at a meeting. No longer did mobile people have to stop and call back from yet another pay phone, jostling for a parking space in order to use it. In the beginning, mobile phone technology made life much easier. Within the space of two decades, however, cell phone use has become a nightmare for some societies. This essay will explore the history of telephony communications, how these communications have evolved, and the impact of the technology on society, for better or for worse. As consumers of cellular technology have invented new needs, cell phone companies have added much more than simple calling features to cell phones, and the trend of cellular and wireless telephony bec oming more than simple communication is not likely to slow down any time soon. How is it changing us? Where are the limits? And are we communicating better than before, or simply in a different way? The History of Mobile TechnologyOnce the wired telephone system was established and people were able to communicate over long distances, the luxury of privacy was firmly in place. While many people saved money by having a “party line, ” which was the shared cost of several residences using one phone line. The benefit was a lower rate for telephone service, but the drawback was having to wait to use the phone if another residence was using it. The party line system caused its own problems as people became impatient with their co-users, especially if long-winded users tied the line up for a long period of time. In early widespread use of telephones, one dialed the operator if there was an emergency. The operator acted as a dispatcher and notified authorities. In business, telephone operators answered incoming calls and operated a switchboard to connect the caller with the person in the office. As more sophisticated equipment was developed, switching networks made operators obsolete.

How to Manage and Identify Sourwood

Sourwood is a tree for all seasons and is found in the forest understory, along roadsides and a pioneering tree in clearings. A member of the heath family, Oxydendrum arboreum is primarily a hill country tree that has a range from Pennsylvania to the Gulf Coastal Plain. The leaves are dark, lustrous green and appear to weep or hang from the twigs while branches droop toward the ground. Branching patterns and persistent fruit give the tree an interesting look in the winter. Sourwood is one of the first trees to turn fall colors in the Eastern forest. By late August, it is common to see foliage of young sourwood trees along roadsides beginning to turn red. The fall color of sourwood is a striking red and orange and associated with blackgum and sassifras. It is an early summer bloomer and gives fresh flower color after most flowering plants have faded. These flowers also provide the nectar for bees and the very tasty and sought out sourwood honey. Specifics Scientific name: Oxydendrum arboreumPronunciation: ock-sih-DEN-drum ar-BORE-ee-umCommon name(s): Sourwood, Sorrel-TreeFamily: EricaceaeUSDA hardiness zones: USDA hardiness zones: USDA hardiness zones: 5 through 9AOrigin: Native to North AmericaUses: recommended for buffer strips around parking lots or for median strip plantings in the highway; shade tree; specimen; no proven urban toleranceAvailability: somewhat available, may have to go out of the region to find the tree Special Uses Sourwood is occasionally used as an ornamental because of its brilliant fall color and mid-summer flowers. It is of little value as a timber species but the wood is heavy and is used locally for handles, firewood and in mixture with other species for pulp. Sourwood is important as a source of honey in some areas and sourwood honey is marketed locally. Description Sourwood usually grows as a pyramid or narrow oval with a more or less straight trunk at a height of 25 to 35 feet but can reach 50 to 60 feet tall with a spread of 25 to 30 feet. Occasionally young specimens have a more open spreading habit reminiscent of Redbud.Crown density: denseGrowth rate: slowTexture: medium Leaves Leaf arrangement: alternateLeaf type: simpleLeaf margin: entire; serrulate; undulateLeaf shape: lanceolate; oblongLeaf venation: banchidodrome; pinnateLeaf type and persistence: deciduousLeaf blade length: 4 to 8 inchesLeaf color: green Fall color: orange; red Fall characteristic: showy Trunk and Branches Trunk/bark/branches: droop as the tree grows, and will require pruning for vehicular or pedestrian clearance beneath the canopy; not particularly showy; should be grown with a single leader; no thornsPruning requirement: needs little pruning to develop a strong structureBreakage: resistantCurrent year twig color: green; reddishCurrent year twig thickness: medium; thin Pests and Diseases Pests are usually not a problem for Sourwood. Fall webworm can defoliate portions of the tree in summer and fall but usually control is not needed. As far as diseases, twig blight kills leaves at the branch tips. Trees in poor health seem to be more susceptible. Prune out infected branch tips and fertilize. Leaf spots can discolor some leaves but are not serious other than causing premature defoliation. Culture Light requirement: tree grows in part shade/part sun; tree grows in full sunSoil tolerances: clay; loam; sand; acidic; well-drainedDrought tolerance: moderateAerosol salt tolerance: moderate In Depth Sourwood grows slowly, adapts to sun or shade, and prefers a slightly acid, peaty loam. The tree transplants easily when young and from containers of any size. Sourwood grows well in confined soil spaces with good drainage making it a candidate for urban plantings but is largely untried as a street tree. It is reportedly sensitive to air pollution injury Irrigation is required during hot, dry weather to keep leaves on the tree. Reportedly not highly drought tolerant, but there are beautiful specimens in USDA hardiness zone 7 growing in the open sun in poor clay with no irrigation.

The Eighth Amendment And Cruel Punishment Essay - 2194 Words

The eighth amendment states: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. (The Bill of Rights). Although excessive bails and excessive fines are a problem, the focus for this paper is going to be centered on cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. For years, many inmates and other people in society have been victims of cruel and unusual punishment. Extreme cases have included hangings, cadena temporal, being burned alive, public dissection, and today the focus is on lethal injections and quick ways to put people in their deathbeds. Although there is a desirability to steer the chances of crimes, among other factors, I believe that the death penalty, lethal injections, and other forms of perishment are inhumane and therefore contradict the eighth amendment. The eighth amendment is important to me because I believe everyone has something to prove. Everyone can do better, including the people who are imprisoned and have done horrible acts. A death sentence is inhumane to me personally, because I picture my mother getting sentenced to death and having no say in what is happening. Recently, I watched a movie titled Dancer in the Dark directed by Lars von Trier. This movie featured a young single mother raising a child while she was becoming blind. She became friends with her neighbor who was a cop, and the cop became immensely suicidal one evening due to a lack and heavy spendage of income from his family,Show MoreRelatedImportance Of The Eighth Amendment1115 Words   |  5 PagesThe eighth amendment helps people stay safe, for those who are going to jury. The eighth amendment was ratified in 1791 and stated that, â€Å"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines are imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.† This was made to help make sure that more amounts of bail money/property are not given to by excessive amounts, and that cruel or unusual punishments are not prohibited to any person going into court. Bail is where a certain amount of money is requiredRead MoreThe Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagesnor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Eighth Amendment, 1791 The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution limits the punishments that may be imposed by the government on American citizens. These limits are compulsory among the states by way of the Fourteenth Amendment. The English Bill of Rights of 1689 expressed concern with arbitrary and disproportionate sanctions, giving way to the Founders inclusion of the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. To explore the Eighth AmendmentRead MoreSupreme Court Cases and the Eighth Ammendment865 Words   |  3 Pagesthe first ten amendments which were included to guarantee personal rights. One interesting amendment that has tested numerous times through the Supreme Court is the Eighth Amendment: no cruel or unusual punishment, it definitely changed America’s on what punishment is considered cruel and unusual. The Eighth Amendment was tested through many Supreme Court and there were some very significant ones such as the Miller v. Alabama. The no cruel or unusual aspect of the Eighth Amendment gives protectionRead MoreEssay about 8th Amendment1153 Words   |  5 PagesThe Eighth Amendment The 8th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, as well as the setting of excessive bail or the imposition of excessive fines. However, it has also been deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States (according to the Eighth Amendment)to inflict physical damage on students in a school environment for the purpose of discipline in most circumstances. The 8th Amendment stipulates that bail shall notRead MoreEssay about The Eighth Amendment1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe 8th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, as well as the setting of excessive bail or the imposition of excessive fines. However, it has also been deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States (according to the Eighth Amendment)to inflict physical damage on students in a school environment for the purpose of discipline in most circumstances. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The 8th Amendment stipulatesRead MoreThe Eighth Amendment and Death Penalty Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesThe Eight Amendment to the U.S. Constitution â€Å"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted†, proposed on 9/25/1789 and approved on 12/15/1791. The cruel and unusual punishment confines the harshness of penalties that state and federal governments may inflict upon ones who have been condemned of a criminal offense. The excessive fines phrase restricts the amount that state and federal governments may possibly fine an individual for aRead MoreConstitutional Conflict of the Dealth Penalty Essay584 Words   |  3 Pages The courts positions of the death penalty has changed over the years. For centuries societies have used death as the ultimate penalty for crime. In the 1960s, the court ruled against the death penalty as a cruel and unusual punishment, which was forbidden by th e eighth amendment of the Constitution. By the 1990s the death penalty was again in wide use supported by the court and Congress, which continually expanded by legislation the crimes for which death would be an acceptable penaltyRead MoreThe Debate Over Capital Punishment936 Words   |  4 Pages The debate over capital punishment is in regards to whether the death penalty contradicts the Eighth Amendment. If the death penalty does contradict the Eight Amendment, then the State should not have the power to sentence criminals to death for capital crimes. However, if capital punishment is not against the Eighth Amendment, then the State has the right to sentence criminals to death. In this essay I will first summarize Justice Brennan’s argument on why the death penalty is beyond the powerRead MoreDebate on the Death Penalty in America1482 Words   |  6 Pagesabove is from the book, Cruel and Unusual. It later states in this book that if Simmons had received the death penalty then that would have violated his eighth and fourteenth amendment rights. Why is it that a person committing such a heinous crime could receive life in prison when another person committing an equally horrible offence might receive capital punishment? Is it right for the United States to operate a system such as capital punishment? Does capital punishment follow the guidelines setRead MoreConstitutionality of the Death Penalty1485 Words   |  6 Pages12-16 ) The excerpt above is from the book Cruel and Unusual. It later states in this book that if Simmons had received the death penalty then that would have violated his eighth and fourteenth amendment rights. Why is it that a person committing such a heinous crime could receive life in prison when another person committing an equal offence might receive capital punishment? Is it right for the United States to operate a system such as capital punishment? Does that follow the guidelines set out by

School Does Not Prepare You for Life Free Essays

It is argued that school is designed to teach individuals how to teach themselves, but many scholars who study the state of academia would argue this is not the case. It is a common belief that the western private schools and universities are industrialized markets more focused on their profit margins, and pleasing parents, than preparing their students for the real world. The public school system is even worse off in that their infrastructure and supplies are largely dependent on the average income tax of their local communities, which in most urban areas barely makes the grade. We will write a custom essay sample on School Does Not Prepare You for Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not often considered to be a home for organizations, the schooling industry in the United Kingdom has become a major source of profitable income. A national curriculum is mandatory in all state schools in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for virtually every student up to the age of 16. It is organized by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA) and its partner authorities, the Qualifications, Curriculum and Assessment Authority for Wales and the Northern Ireland Council for Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment (CCEA) (HayGroup, 2006). The main aim of the national curriculum is to raise standards, making sure all children have a broad and balanced education up to the age of 16. In the past, many students dropped important subjects like modern language or science at 13 or 14 (Boone, 2006). If these mergers become successful, no different from major corporations, they mean expanded profit margins for whoever holds the asset. These schools are already considered financial assets, through the increase in property value around them, whether the property is owned by the government or privately owned (Boone, 2006). This is not a major issue for public schools, but when you consider privately owned schools, or Universities, the profitability of these corporations pedaling degrees must be realized. More often than not, these Universities are considered to be doing a common good, and therefore held in the charitable status tax bracket, where they are to very minimally taxed. This leads to more profit gains, and less reason to complicate the curriculum even if it fails to serve its purpose. In her essay, From Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work Jean Anyon identifies the hypocrisies in the education system. One of her major points is that in the higher income classrooms the majority of the students’ parents are executives, and only 10% are minorities. A common finding in her research is that the working class schools lack the necessary materials, or faculty, to be considered equal with the other school systems. Anyon also argues that the curriculums are different. students in different social-class backgrounds are rewarded for classroom behaviors that correspond to personality traits allegedly rewarded in the different occupational strata – the working classes for docility and obedience, the managerial classes for initiative and personal assertiveness. (Anyon, 1980) The defining line of the difference between what Anyon considers to be the executive curriculum and the working class is that the use of efficient learning methods verses inefficient forms. Historically, the most efficient form of learning used in the west, more so than textbooks, is the field trip; this is also known as project based learning (B. I. E. , 2002). It is also a very expensive learning tool, which is why most lower class curriculums are deprived of it. Project based learning has a long lived tradition of learning through the use of field trips, labs, investigations and other projects. It is considered to be a substantial method of teaching. The belief that drives this form of instructions revolves around the idea that students will be more liable to gain interest in curriculum that they can connect to their surroundings. Just studying the work in a text can grow to be mundane. When she analyzes elementary and secondary classroom curriculums, she finds a methodology very different from what is inherent in Project based education. Anyon discovers that the majority of contemporary textbook instruction is designed for the working class. PBL programs are usually not supported in public schools because they are too expensive. This difference is usually applicable to public schools and whether one is located near high income housing or low income housing. In sum, the school system in the U. K. suffers from capitalist interests, so much so that it fails to prepare its students for the real world. A lack of project based learning in lower income schools deprives the majority of the U. K. population of having real life instruction. Likewise, the upper class institutions that Anyon refers to, while they prepare students for executive positions, they handicap the students from ever being able to handle manual labor in the real world (Anyon, 1980). The end result is a generation of students that are socioeconomically segregated and that lack the necessary resourcefulness to survive on their own. School systems today produce students who are reliant on major corporations to employ them for skills they were predisposed to having. How to cite School Does Not Prepare You for Life, Papers

Introduction and Conclusion Strategies free essay sample

Increasing self confident, adding friends and partner, correcting verbal and non-verbal immunization, having experience to face unexpected situation to speak inferno of public, increasing achievement in career, and delivering opinion. Speech as a part of communication has its own structure in order to make the ideas can be transferred easily. Furthermore Else and Paperbacks (1970, p. 28-30) noted that plot structure of speech Include three separate but Integrated parts : the beginning, middle, and end. Abstract part contains of the overview of the speech and gives the audience a sense of what they are going to receive.Body contains of materials that orator is going to liver for the audience, and conclusion contains of summarize of the speech. Penthouse each part has their own important points, but some sections receive more attention than others section because of the way people listen. For instance, Lucas (2009) points out that the first priority In audiences attention Is abstract. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction and Conclusion Strategies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In abstract section, orator can gain the highest attention of the audience because they are most ready to be informed, persuaded, and entertained.The second priority is conclusion because the listener might hope an inspiring closing which can change their life. The last priority is body because the attention of listener will up and down in this section. The introduction and conclusion part appear in every speech because most of the listeners give their attention In Introduction and conclusion, orator needs to consider some strategies of Introduction and conclusion to grab attention of the audience to make his/ her speech can be delivered easily.Lucas (2009) talked about 4 kinds of strategies in introduction of speech, that is relating the topic to the audience, stating the importance of your topic, startling the audience, arousing the curiosity odd audience, asking the audience, using a quotation, and telling a story. He also mentioned 6 kinds of strategies In conclusion of speech, that is signaling the end of the speech, reinforcing the central Idea, summarizing speech, ending with quotation, making a dramatic statement, and referring to the Introduction.Astute (201 1 ) also talked about 7 kinds odd strategies in introduction of speech, that is using grabber, telling a Joke, using quotation, telling a story, using games, using statistic data, and using visual aids. She also mentioned 5 kinds of strategies in conclusion of speech, hat are summarizing each point in body section, making a clear and brief closing sentence, using a rhetorical question, using a quotation, making a repeated statement. Barack Obama deliver more than one speech In a day using many kind of his speeches in order to make sure that his idea can be delivered clearly.It is very interesting that every single word from his speech become a topic to persuade many people because Barack Obama also used those strategies. His speech i n every occasion become an attention of people in many countries. Thornton wrote in arteriosclerosis. Com about the analysis of Beams speech, miss We Can . He analyzed beams speech and found that Obama used an arousing the audiences curiosity in his introduction by giving a sentence which told the audience that there is something that must be changed. This strategy refer to the introduction strategy by Lucas.Obama also used anecdotes to deliver the problems of his speech by using an anecdote about Dunking Donuts employee refer to the problem of human resounding. This strategies refer to the strategy by Astute. Based on the literature and explanation review above, the writer is interested in analyzing the introduction and conclusion strategies used in Beams speeches entitle The Analysis of Introduction and Conclusion Strategies Used in Beams Speeches 2. Problem The problem formulation of this final report are as follows: * What are the introduction and conclusion strategies used in Beams speeches? . Purpose and benefit The purpose of this writing is : * To know about the introduction and conclusion used in Beams speeches. The benefit of this final report are : * To enlarge the writers knowledge about introduction and conclusion strategies used in Beams speeches. * To give contribution to English Department about the introduction and conclusion strategies in speech. To be a useful reference in analyzing introduction and conclusion strategies used in Beams speech. 4.In the other hand, Silage (2009) define public speaking as communication practice of a speaker sharing ideas with an conclude that public speaking is a communication technique of sharing ideas in front of people through speech in order to deliver information or alter someones view or opinions. B. Speech Types Tone (2010) states that speech has 4 different types based on its purpose : persuasive speech, informative speech, inspiration speech, and entertaining speech. * Persuasive speech means that the primary purpose is to influence the thinking or behavior of the audience.In order for the audience to be willing to listen to you they have to like you, respect you and trust you. They must be able to identify with you in some way and you have to give them a reason why they should listen to what you have to say. * Informative speech means that the purpose is to teach the audience something new or to expand their existing knowledge. It may mean exposing them to a topic or idea they know nothing about, showing them how to use a piece of equipment, or helping them learn a new skill. Inspiration speech means that the repose of an inspirational speech is to ask your audience to improve in one of several ways, personally, emotionally, professionally, or spiritually. The inspirational speaker relies more on emotional appeal than logical appeal. The speaker is attempting to connect with the individual listeners feelings. The speaker explains why and how the situation is changing or why their current emotions, fears or goals may be inadequate or counterproductive. Inspirational speakers motivate the audience and challenge them to do more at a higher level and specify the benefits they can expect if they do so.Entertaining speech means that the speaker will present a serious point in low-key humorous key. The speaker needs to be a showman when he/she is doing an entertaining speech. If its supposed to be humorous then your attitude must be fun and lighthearted. The speakers primary goal is to make sure that the audience has a great time. C. The structure of Speech Lucas (2009) states that there are 3 parts in structure of speech, there are abstract, body, and conclusion. Each parts have different function in speech.The abstract part contains of an introduction of the topic of the speech. The body part is the longest ND detailed part in speech, it is contains of the supporting materials related to the topic. The conclusion contains of the summary of the topic. Penthouse each part has their own important points, but some section receive more attention than others section because of the way people listen. Lucas (2009) indicates that listeners have the following priorities: * First priority Abstract : You can count on listeners greatest physical and mental attention at the outset of the speech.They are most ready to be informed, persuaded, or entertained. Use this opportunity to create a good impression and dont squander the chance. Second priority Conclusion : You have the second highest attention at the end of the speech. The audience wants the true sense of ending. On a more basic level, they may hoping for an inspiring close because they alienist plain tired of sitting. * Third priority Body : You have the listeners lowest attention in the middle of the speech. It is not that the listener focused as they are at beginning and end.D. Introduction According to Nordstrom, introduction is the opening of essay and speech, which typically identifies the topic, arouses interest, and prepares the audience for the velveteen of thesis. Introduction plays a special role in making essay or speech skill. In making essay, introduction needs much of writers attention. A good introduction in essay should identify the topic, provide essential context, and indicate the particular focus of the essay. These important points also need to be considered in speech.There are four important function of introduction in speech, it is gain the attention and interest of the audience, gain the goodwill of the audience, clearly state the purpose of the speech for the audience, and preview the speech for audience. The first two function is to make the audience want to listen to the orator and the other two function is to help the audience listen to the orator. By seeing the importance of introduction in speech, some expert such as Stephen Lucas and Astute point out several strategies that can be used by an orator to make their introduction become more interesting for the audience. E.The Introduction strategies in Speech Lucas (2009) points out 1 1 introduction strategies used in speech, they are: 1. Get attention and interest In a process of getting attention and interest from the audience, there are several tragedies which help the audience to caught up in your speech, they are: a. Relate the topic to the audience People pay attention to the things that affect them directly. If you can relate the topic to the audience, they are much more to be interested in it. B. State the importance of your topic Begin the speech by telling the audience how important the topic that you are going to deliver. . Startle the audience One surefire way to arouse interest quickly is to startle the audience with an arresting or intriguing statement. D. Arouse the curiosity of the audience One way to draw them into your speech is with a series of statements that progressively whet their curiosity about the subject of the speech. E. Question the audience Asking a rhetorical question which is meaningful and firmly related to the speech is another way to get your listener thinking about your speech. F. Begin with quotation Another way to arouse the interest of the audience is to start with using a well known or famous quotation.You might choose your quotation from Shakespeare or Confucius, Bible, poem, song, or film. G. Tell a story You can use a provocative, amusing, dramatic or suspenseful story to begin our beech. The story should also be clearly relevant to the main topic of speech. 2. Reveal the story In the process of introduction, be sure to state clearly the topic of your speech. If you do not, your listener will be confused. And once they are confuse, your chances of goodwill Credibility is mostly a matter of being qualified to speak an a given topic and being perceived as qualified by your listeners.The credibility can come from reading, classes, interview, friends, and other sources. Goodwill is showing the audience the reputation of the speaker while the speaker should also defuse the hostility right at he start of the speech. 4. Preview the body of speech One way to help the audience caught up the topic of the speech, we can show them the preview of the body of the speech. You can use some preview statement such as definition and background which can be understood by the audience. Astute (2011) also points out several strategies in introduction part of the speech : 1.Punch (1998) states that qualitative research is empirical research where the data are not in the form of number. Robinson (2010) states that description method, as opposed to an experimental or normative method, develops knowledge by describing observed situation, events, and object. In this report, the writer will use this method to describe the introduction and conclusion strategy that is used by Obama in his speech. 3. Method of collecting data The writer will use document analysis as method of collecting data.The writer will analyze the speech transcript of Obama, classifying the introduction and conclusion part in every speech, and finding the introduction and conclusion strategy that is used by Obama. 4. Method of data analysis In analyzing the data, the writer used following steps: 1. Collecting Barack Beams speech transcripts 2. Reading the Barack Beams speech transcripts 3. Classifying the introduction and conclusion part in Beams speeches. 4. Deciding the introduction and conclusion strategy used by Obama. 5. Counting the total of each strategy used by Obama.

Strategic Development Plans for Kudler Fine Foods

Strategic Development Plans for Kudler Fine Foods Kudler Fine Foods PAGE 1Running Head: STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT PLANS FOR KUDLER FINE FOODSStrategic Development Plans for Kudler Fine FoodsLeah de RosaUniversity of PhoenixStrategic Development Plans for Kudler Fine FoodsStemming from her days as a Vice President in Marketing, Kathy Kudler had a passion for gourmet foods and cooking. After leaving the pressures of Marketing behind, Kathy was searching for an avenue to relieve her frustration which spurred from a lack of quality resources to gather the ingredients to cook a decent gourmet meal. Therefore, Kathy Kudler made the decision to open the first of her Kudler Fine Foods (Kudler's) Stores in La Jolla, California in 1998. After experiencing huge success with her first offering, she was able to expand her business to another location in Del Mar just two years later, and thereafter, she opened her third store in 2003 in Encinitas. Presently, Kudler's has new sales and marketing initiatives for increasing the loyalty of the consumer which in turn would increase profitability and is hoping to expand its business globally with Internet sales being offered to customers near and wide.English: the La Jolla branch of the Museum of Cont...This paper will examine the strategic plan of the organization, the role of total quality management (TQM) in the organization's strategy, and will explore the issue of globalization and how it impacts the organization's total quality management position.MissionAt Kudler's the customer is the primary focus. The Kudler's staff consists of a team of highly selective members who are specially trained to accommodate the needs of the customer, and to provide each customer with a pleasant and exciting shopping experience. Kudler's goes to all lengths to provide its customers with the finest gourmet food, wines, and high quality international foods and products, and makes certain the highest quality products...

Professional Design Helped Me Through the Wild West of Indie Publishing

Professional Design Helped Me Through the Wild West of Indie Publishing How Professional Design Helped Me Through the Wild West of Indie Publishing Adam Bender's debut novel takes place in the Wild West. According to him, the landscape of self-publishing bears some similarities with that setting. In this article, he talks about how professionals  helped him design his book and successfully navigate this new territory. Mark sent me a draft of the interior and asked me to scan for problems. It looked great, but we went through a few rounds weeding out little imperfections. He responded quickly and in days we had a PDF ready for printing. He then helped me convert the print book into an eBook fit for a Kindle. This isn’t as simple as sticking the print version into an app and clicking â€Å"Change to eBook.† Some elements had to be simplified to work for digital reading. There were a few bugs, including some issues related to page breaks and spacing, but Mark quickly sorted them out. I was just glad it wasn’t me poring over the code!The pride you feel when your book looks 100% professional? PricelessThe Wanderer passed a big first test when I received the proof of the paperback. The first thing I thought when I saw Ben’s cover was, â€Å"Hey, this actually looks like a book I’d want to read!† And when I opened it up, it looked like a real book too! I could se e that the work of my diligent editors, Rachel Gluckstern and Jim Spivey, and Mark’s clean layout had been worth the investment.Soon afterward, I scored a starred review from Kirkus Reviews and five-star ratings from five separate critics who reviewed the novel early on Readers’ Favorite. I couldn’t have done that without my gang of Reedsy collaborators. "This new frontier of self-publishing can often feel a little like the Wild West."  @WatchAdam Not only did using Reedsy pay off for this novel, but the professional relationships I’ve built will continue to be valuable down the road. Even after finishing their jobs, my collaborators have been available for advice, and they’ve helped spread the word. Next time I venture out into the self-publishing frontier, it’s heartening to know I won’t be riding alone.The Wanderer and the New West is available on Amazon and Amazon Kindle!  Please share your thoughts, experiences, or any questions for Adam Bender in the comments below!

Communication Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Communication - Assignment Example The quality means ability to disseminate information in a way that is appropriate for the audience and graphical summary is an example. I can excel in manual development of graphs through shading but lack skills for software applications. The quality means sensitivity to characteristics of the audience for an appropriate audience and cultural sensitivity is an example. I do excel in understanding people’s behavior but I cannot preempt culture. A wider interaction with people from different cultures can help me improve on this. This means engaging relevant parties, with a significant level of sensitivity to their privacy, by disseminating to them information that is necessary to their scope of duties. An example of the quality is the ability to select appropriate mode of communication. I am good identifying sensitive information about stakeholders but I occasionally fail in identifying a medium that can preserve

Cost Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Cost Management - Assignment Example In profitability analysis, the foreign exchange rates play a determinant role and the article clearly highlights the role of FX banks in fixing the problem. The article not only highlights the current trends and challenges of e-commerce in the United States, but is also points out the ways in which on-line merchants can manage their FX risks. Essentially, the merchants demonstrate greed because they do not want to accept foreign policy and subsequently, deal with foreign currencies. They are attempting to manage their cost through avoidance of foreign levies that their products and services may attract. In this regard, the on-line merchants engage their FX banks in their attempts to produce a balanced scorecard. The major reason for this is that the third party providers are the ones who outsource FX risks for the on-line merchants. Managing foreign exchange is a complex affair in cost accounting and the merchants in the article have to do so with the help of their FX banks. These accounting issues require in-depth financial analysis and the article brings a relevant perspective to the course content. Indeed, e-commerce requires some balancing act in order to sail though the turbulent market, especially for merchants with a global market. In finance and Accounting, foreign exchange plays an important role in determining the extent to which the on-line markets will operate. Besides, the course content compliments the article in the sense that FX banks are key stakeholders in cost Accounting as well as e-commerce. It is because different countries have different business policies that in most cases affect the on-line merchants. â€Å"E-Commerce Balancing Act: The Fine Art of Managing FX Risk.† HSBC Global Connections, 12 June 2014. Web. 21 June 2014. < https://globalconnections.hsbc.com/us/en/articles/ecommerce-balancing-act-fine-art-managing-fx-risk

K-degree-l-diversity Anonymity Model

K-degree-l-diversity Anonymity Model Abstract Privacy is one of the major concerns when publishing or sharing social network data for social science research and business analysis. Recently, researchers have developed privacy models similar to k-anonymity to prevent node reidentification through structure information. However, even when these privacy models are enforced, an attacker may still be able to infer one’s private information if a group of nodes largely share the same sensitive labels (i.e., attributes). In other words, the label-node relationship is not well protected by pure structure anonymization methods. Furthermore, existing approaches, which rely on edge editing or node clustering, may significantly alter key graph properties. In this paper, k-degree-l-diversity anonymity model that considers the protection of structural information as well as sensitive labels of individuals. A novel anonymization methodology based on adding noise nodes has proposed. New algorithm by adding noise nodes into the original gr aph with the consideration of introducing the least distortion to graph properties. Most importantly, completed the rigorous analysis of the theoretical bounds on the number of noise nodes added and their impacts on an important graph property. Extensive experiments used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Introduction The complexity of current software systems and uncertainty in their environments has led the software engineering community to look for inspiration in diverse related fields (e.g., robotics, artificial intelligence, control theory, and biology) for new ways to design and manage systems and services. This endeavor, the capability of the system to adjust its behavior in response to the environment in the form of self-adaptation has become one of the most promising research directions. The â€Å"self† prefix indicates that the systems decide autonomously (i.e., without or with minimal interference) how to adapt or organize to accommodate changes in their contexts and environments. While some self-adaptive system may be able to function without any human intervention, guidance in the form of higher-level objectives (e.g., through policies) is useful and realized in many systems. The landscapes of software engineering domains and computing environments are constantly evolving. In p articular, software has become the bricks and mortar of many complex systems (i.e., a system composed of interconnected parts that as a whole exhibits one or more properties (behaviors among the possible properties) not obvious from the properties of the individual parts). The hallmarks of such complex or ultra-large-scale (ULS) systems are self-adaptation, selforganization, and emergence. Engineers in general, and software engineers in particular, design systems according to requirements and specifications and are not accustomed to regulating requirements and orchestrating emergent properties. Ottino argues that the landscape is bubbling with activity and engineers should be at the center of these developments and contribute new theories and tools. In order for the evolution of software engineering techniques to keep up with these ever-changing landscapes, software engineers must innovate in the realm of building, running, and managing software systems. Software-intensive systems m ust be able to adapt more easily to their ever-changing surroundings and be flexible, fault-tolerant, robust, resilient, available, configurable, secure, and selfhealing. Ideally, and necessarily for sufficiently large systems, these adaptations must happen autonomously. The research community that has formed around self-adaptive systems has already generated many encouraging results, helping to establish self-adaptive systems as a significant, interdisciplinary, and active research field. Self-adaptive systems have been studied within the different research areas of software engineering, including requirements engineering, software architecture, middleware, and component-based development; however, most of these initiatives have been isolated. Other research communities that have also investigated self-adaptation and feedback from their own perspectives are even more diverse: control theory, control engineering, artificial intelligence, mobile and autonomous robots, multi-agent systems, fault-tolerant computing, dependable computing, distributed systems, autonomic computing, self-managing systems, autonomic communications, adaptable user interfaces, biology, distributed artificial intelligence, machine learning, economic and financial systems, business and military strategic planning, sensor networks, or pervasive and ubiquitous computing. Over the past decade several self-adaptation-related application areas and technologies have grown in importance. It is important to emphasize that in all these initiatives software has become the common element. That enables the provision of self-adaptability. Thus, it is imperative to investigate systematic software engineering approaches for developing self-adaptive systems, which are—ideally—applicable across multiple domains. Self-adaptive systems can be characterized by how they operate or how they are analyzed, and by multiple dimensions of properties including centralized and decentralized, top-down and bottom-up, feedback latency (slow vs. fast), or environment uncertainty (low vs. high). A top-down self-adaptive system is often centralized and operates with the guidance of a central controller or policy, assesses its own behavior in the current surroundings, and adapts itself if the monitoring and analysis warrants it. Such a system often operates with an explicit internal representation of itself and its global goals. By analyzing the components of a top-down self-adaptive system, one can compose and deduce the behavior of the whole system. In contrast, a cooperative self-adaptive system or self-organizing system is often decentralized, operates without a central authority, and is typically composed bottom-up of a large number of components that interact locally according to simple rules. The global behavior of the system emerges from these local interactions. It is difficult to deduce properties of the global system by analyzing only the local properties of its parts. Such systems do not necessarily use internal representations of global properties or goals; they are often inspired by biological or sociological phenomena. Most engineered and nature-inspired self-adaptive systems fall somewhere between these two extreme poles of self-adaptive system types. In practice, the line between these types is rather blurred and compromises will often lead to an engineering approach incorporating techniques from both of these two extreme poles. For example, ULS systems embody both top-down and bottom-up self-adaptive characteristics (e.g., the Web is basically decentralized as a global system, but local sub-webs are highly centralized or se rver farms are both centralized and decentralized). Building self-adaptive software systems cost-effectively and in a predictable manner is a major engineering challenge. New theories are needed to accommodate, in a systematic engineering manner, traditional top-down approaches and bottom-up approaches. A promising starting point to meet these challenges is to mine suitable theories and techniques from control engineering and nature and to apply those when designing and reasoning about self-adaptive software systems. Control engineering emphasizes feedback loops, elevating them to firstclass entities. In this paper we argue that feedback loops are also essential for understanding all types of self-adaptive systems. Over the years, the discipline of software engineering strongly emphasized the static architecture of a system and, to a certain extent, neglected the dynamic aspects. In contrast, control engineering emphasized the dynamic feedback loops embedded in a system and its envi ronment and neglected the static architecture. A notable exception is the seminal paper by Magee and Kramer on dynamic structure in software architecture, which formed the foundation for many subsequent research projects. However, while these research projects realized feedback systems, the actual feedback loops were hidden or abstracted. Engineering Self-Adaptive Systems through Feedback Loops 51 Feedback loops have been recognized as important factors in software process management and improvement or software evolution. For example, the feedback loops at every stage in Royce’s waterfall model or the risk feedback loop in Boehm’s spiral model are well known. Lehman’s work on software evolution showed that â€Å"the software process constitutes a multilevel, multiloop feedback system and must be treated as such if major progress in its planning, control, and improvement is to be achieved.† Therefore, any attempt to make parts of this â€Å"multiloop feed back system† self-adaptive necessarily also has to consider feedback loops. With the proliferation of self-adaptive software systems, it is imperative to develop theories, methods and tools around feedback loops. Mining the rich experiences and theories from control engineering as well as taking inspiration from nature and biology where we can find systems that adapt in rather complex ways, and then adapting and applying the findings to software-intensive selfadaptive systems is a most worthwhile and promising avenue of research. In the remainder of this paper, we therefore investigate feedback loops as a key aspect of engineering self-adaptive systems. Outlines basic principles of feedback loops and demonstrates their importance and potential benefits for understanding self-adaptive systems. Control engineering and biologically inspired approaches for self-adaptation. We present selected challenges for the software engineering community in general and the SEAMScommunity in pa rticular for engineering self-adaptive computing systems. Existing system In Existing system forced by the recognition of the need for a finer grain and more personalized privacy in data publication of social networks. In this paper we implement privacy protection scheme that not only prevents the disclosure of the disclosure of selected features in users profiles and also for identity of users. The features of her profile she wishes to conceal by an individual user can select. The users are nodes and features are labels in social networks are modeled as graphs. The Labels are denoted either as non-sensitive or sensitive. In Existing system the background knowledge an adversary may possess, as sensitive information that has to be protected in both node and labels To allow for graph data to be published in a form such that an adversary who possesses information about a nodes neighborhood cannot safely infer its identity and its sensitive labels in this we present privacy protection algorithms that. The goals of these algorithms transform the original graph into a graph in which nodes are sufficiently indistinguishable in these algorithms are designed. While losing as little information and while preserving as much utility as possible. The algorithms preserve the original graphs structure and properties that’s why we evaluate empirically the extent to which. In Existing system that our solution is, efficient, scalable and effective and while offering stronger privacy guarantees than those in previous research. Proposed system k-degree anonymity with l-diversity to prevent not only the reidentification of individual nodes but also the revelation of a sensitive attribute associated with each node. If the k-degree-l-diversity constraint satisfies create KDLD graph. A KDLD graph protects two aspects of each user when an attacker uses degree information to attack A novel graph construction technique which makes use of noise nodes to preserve utilities of the original graph. Two key properties are considered: Add as few noise edges as possible. Change the distance between nodes as less as possible. The noise edges/nodes added should connect nodes that are close with respect to the social distance. There exist a large number of low degree vertices in the graph which could be used to hide added noise nodes from being re-identified. By carefully inserting noise nodes, some graph properties could be better preserved than a pure edge-editing method. MODULES Data Collection. Reduce Node Degree. Add Node Degree. Add Noise Node. 1. DATA COLLECTION In this module the employee data is collected. Each employee has unique Id, Name and Sensitive Label Salary. Each employee links with number of other employee. Based on the employee data construct the Social Network Graph: a social network graph is a four tuple G(V, E, ÏÆ', ÃŽ » ), where V is a set of vertices, and each vertex represents a node in the social network. is the set of edges between vertices, ÏÆ' is a set of labels that vertices have maps vertices to their labels. 2. REDUCE NODE DEGREE For any node whose degree is larger than its target degree in Pnew, decreasing its degree to the target degree by making using of noise nodes. 3. ADD NODE DEGREE For any node whose degree is smaller than its target degree in Pnew, increasing its degree to the target degree by making using of noise nodes. For each vertex u in G which needs to increase its degree, to make its degree reach the target degree. First check whether there exists a node v within two hops of u, and v also needs to increase its degree. Connect n with v. Since v is within two hops of u, connecting v with n will not change the distance between u and v. After this step, if n’s degree is bigger than the minimum degree in Pnew but does not appear in Pnew, recursively deleting the last created link until the degree of n equals to a degree in Pnew. Otherwise, leave n for processing and continue adding noise to u if u:d 4. ADD NOISE NODE In this module the noise node will added to the original data set. After that adding noise node add new degree for that noise node. For any noise node, if its degree does not appear in Pnew, some adjustment can happen to make it has a degree in Pnew. Then, the noise nodes are added into the same degree groups in Pnew. Conclusions In this paper, k-degree-l-diversity model has implemented for privacy preserving social network data publishing. Implementation of both distinct l-diversity and recursive (c, l)-diversity also happened. In order to achieve the requirement of k-degree-l-diversity, a noise node adding algorithm to construct a new graph from the original graph with the constraint of introducing fewer distortions to the original graph. Rigorous analysis of the theoretical bounds on the number of noise nodes added and their impacts on an important graph property. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the noise node adding algorithms can achieve a better result than the previous work using edge editing only. It is an interesting direction to study clever algorithms which can reduce the number of noise nodes if the noise nodes contribute to both anonymization and diversity. Another interesting direction is to consider how to implement this protection model in a distributed environment, where diffe rent publishers publish their data independently and their data are overlapping. In a distributed environment, although the data published by each publisher satisfy certain privacy requirements, an attacker can still break user’s privacy by combining the data published by different publishers together. Protocols should be designed to help these publishers publish a unified data together to guarantee the privacy. Future Enhancement: Privacy is one of the major concerns when publishing or sharing social network data for social science research and business analysis. The label-node relationship is not well protected by pure structure anonymization methods. k-degree-l-diversity anonymity model that considers the protection of structural information as well as sensitive labels of individuals. Adding noise nodes into the original graph with the consideration of introducing the least distortion to graph properties.

Water Level Indicator

Water LeveL IndIcator WIth aLarm VIJay D. SaThE H ere is a simple, versatile circuit which indicates the level of water in a tank. This circuit produces alarm when water level is below the lowest level L1 and also when water just touches the highest level L12. The circuit is designed to display 12 different levels. However, these display levels can be increased or decreased depending upon the level resolution required. This can be done by increasing or decreasing the number of level detector metal strips (L1 through L12) and their associated components. In the circuit, diodes D1, D2 and D13 form half-wave rectifiers. The rectified output is filtered using capacitors C1 through C3 respectively. Initially, when water level is below strip L1, the mains supply frequency oscillations are not transferred to diode D1. Thus its output is low and LED1 does not glow. Also, since base voltage of transister T1 is low, it is in cut-off state and its collector voltage is high, which enables melody generating IC1 (UM66) and alarm is sounded. When water just touches level detector strip L1, the supply frequency oscillations are transferred to diode D1. It rectifies the supply voltage and a positive DC voltage develops across capacitor C1, which lights up LED1. At the same time base voltage for transistor T1 becomes high, which makes it forward biased and its collector voltage falls to near-ground potential. This disables IC1 (UM66) and alarm is inhibited. Depending upon quantity of water present in the tank, corresponding level indicating LEDs glow. It thus displays intermediate water levels in the tank in bar-graph style. When water in the tank just touches the highest level detector strip L12, the DC voltage is developed across capacitor C2. This enables melody generating IC1 (UM66) and alarm is again sounded. ELECTRONICS PROJECTS Vol. 20

The Effects Of Social Media On Education - 1657 Words

Our educational system has changed quite drastically. It is no longer just a place where one goes to learn Arithmetic, English, and Penmanship. It has evolved into something much more complex than that. The challenges our Educators are experiencing today are far more different than the ones they faced ten years ago. Technology has introduced some valuable tools that has vastly improved the way school administrators and parents are educating their children, but this type of advancement came with some risks. The influences of social media and the need to â€Å"keep up with the jones†, amongst other things, has caused our educational environment to changed drastically. A growing body of research indicates that positive school climate is associated with, and predicative of, academic achievement, school success, effective violence prevention, students’ healthy development, and teacher retention (ASCD). Unfortunately, our public school system is plagued with violence, includ ing bulling and suicide. School campuses have become the scene of some of the most heart-wrenching massacres. Our educators and students are under attack. It is a critical time in our children’s academic career. The need to assist our educators in their effort to not only educate, but to also protect our children, is at an all time high. One way to help alleviate some of the issues facing the educational system is to implement the use of school uniforms. It use will be a vital tool in aiding educators andShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1291 Words   |  6 Pages Social media sites are very popular throughout the United States. As technology advances, more social media sites advance for those who own a form of electronic device. Social media is a relationship that exists between the individual and the whole wide world. 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Environmental Science Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2375 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Ecology Essay Type Critical essay Did you like this example? Introduction If one considers the most profound changes in the social and physical conditions attached to human existence, one would have to suggest that the land use dimensions, including the shift to sedentary agriculture, the Industrial Revolution and large-scale urbanisation, are the most significant. However, it is important to understand that land is more than a mere material base. Indeed, Gladwin et al (1995) described land as a diverse, contradictory property with both social and cultural meanings that are mixed with human labour, the biotic community and a land ethic. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Environmental Science Essay Online For Free" essay for you Create order From this it is easy to understand why land use has been the subject of persistent political struggle over the years and why it is challenging in both theory and practice to ensure sustainable development, whilst also taking into account the needs of a growing population. The eco-modernist interpretation of sustainable development encourages the use eco-efficient building materials and heat and power sources, and encourages doing more with less (Banerjee, 2003). Whilst this has shown that there is a theoretical possibility that energy and material intensity can be reduced, therefore reducing the environmental impact of population and industrial growth, this somewhat simplified approach does not take into consideration the relationships between land, the environment and economic activity (Baker, 2007). The focus on pollution and resource consumption by many ecological modernist theorists has failed to address the intrinsic qualities of the non-human world that are generally the cau se of many conflicts over the use of greenbelt land (Hajer and Versteeg, 2005). Part of the problem lies in the way in which the development of land and environmental change causes uncertain effects. These effects are generally caused through the multiplicity of direct, indirect and cumulative processes that are difficult to predict (Hudson, 2005). These processes operate within economic, political and legal dimensions, with many crossing over between a number of jurisdictions. Whilst interactions between proximal land uses have historically concentrated on the effects of pollution, odour and noise on the human population, it is only recently that consideration has been taken over the effects of these environmental problems on the local flora and fauna and the wider scale sustainability of vulnerable species (Scully-Russ, 2012). From this it can be seen that land use and sustainability go hand in hand. As such, it is deemed necessary to focus attention on the planning processes and regulations currently utilised within the UK. The remainder of this essay will consider the way in which UK planning processes have been designed to protect the environment before critically discussing the reasons that they fail. Sustainable development: the need for planning The concept of sustainable development emerged in the late 1980s with Brundtland et al (1987), followed closely by the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), forming the view that it is necessary to consider planning applications as interrelated processes that need to take into account the needs of both human and nonhuman residents (Barkemeyer et al, 2014). This encouraged the development of national sustainability plans, whilst Agenda 21 of the UNCED encouraged the environmentally sound physical planning of sustainable development within urban areas (Jabareen, 2006). These planning and sustainability ideas were rapidly incorporated into local government policy. In the UK, these ideas encouraged a new environmental movement that saw local councils considering the environmental impact on both urban and rural developments (Jabareen, 2006). Indeed, by the start of the 1990s, nearly 75% of all councils within the UK had developed a green charter that rec ognised the need for environmental planning to mitigate against issues such as global warming, the destruction of the rainforest and depletion of the ozone layer as well as considering the impacts such a development would have on the local environment (Barkemeyer et al, 2014). The emerging concepts of sustainability and the connections with the planning process were often outside of the statutory domain; however, incentives from central government, which supported sustainable development and controlled land use planning often encouraged the development of local policies (Cowell and Lennon, 2014). These local policies, along with international commitments, were rapidly incorporated into legislation, with the UKs first official sustainable development White Paper urging planning authorities to consider the environmental effects of all planning policies (Cowell and Lennon, 2014). In the same year, the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 ensured that all planning applications consider ed the conservation, natural beauty and amenity of the land. This act also encouraged improved traffic management and changes to the physical environment within both urbanised and rural areas in order to deliver sustainable land use change. Despite the UK Government generally falling short of making sustainable development a legal requirement of all planning laws, they have developed a number of Acts that can be called upon in certain situations. These include the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, Natural Heritage (Scotland) Act 1991, the Sustainable Communities Act 2007 and the Government of Wales Act 1998 (Wilkinson et al, 2013). Section 121(1) of this latter act places responsibility on the National Assembly for Wales to set out proposals for the promotion of sustainable development within the Welsh region. However, more recently there has been an international emergence of the ecosystem assessment approach to land planning. This approach is promoted to ensure that the true value of the environment is taken into account during all decision-making processes (Adelle et al, 2012). The key concept of the ecosystem assessment approach is that natural ecosystems provide significant benefit, in both health and economy, to human society. Numerous proponents of the ecosystem services approach describe how the method would benefit the spatial planning of habitats to help deliver ecosystem services (Medcalf et al, 2012), in environmental assessment (Wilkinson et al, 2013) and in order to plan for a more environmentally friendly urban development (Baker et al, 2013). The following section of this paper will consider the problems encountered by UK planners in balancing the needs of an expanding population and the potential impacts on the environment. Planning Difficulties In order to highlight the issues associated with planning and environmental protection, it is deemed necessary to utilise a number of case studies in which planning departments have clashed with developers. The first of these cases occurred in the early 1990s in the county of Berkshire and was described by Cowell and Owens (1998). Berkshire County Council received a planning application to expand the capacity of a construction minerals extraction quarry to 2.5 million tonnes per year. The application was supported by central government, who at that time had apportioned a share of projected national demand for construction aggregate to each county. However, Berkshire County Council was concerned about the environmental consequences of this increased carrying capacity and decided that to meet the share of aggregate demand would be unsustainable for their region as it would breach the countys environmental capacity. In order to reach this decision, the county planning department used a methodology that involved an assessment of environmental suitability at the quarry. This methodology included a traditional sieve analysis, a process of strategic choice and public engagement. In their report, Berkshire Planning Authority stated that the protection of environmental features within the county was vital and the conservation value of the broader environment outweighed the economic benefits of such a development. The planning authorities stated that the environmental capacity of the area would be breached and that this environment capacity was based on the county councils judgements about the compensatable and critical environmental capital within the county. As such they framed sustainable development by identifying the environmental limits of the area. Indeed, Berkshire Planning Authority asserted that the level of aggregate supply should fall by 3% per year from 1996 to 2011. As was expected, the quarry company appealed the decision and the planning enquiry insp ector sided with industry. The appeal report criticised Berkshire Planning Authority for ignoring the economic, local and national need for aggregates. The enquiry inspector did find the planning authoritys explanation of environmental capacity and the need for sustainable development persuasive; however, the report suggests that there is lack of demonstration on why the county could not maintain production of construction aggregates at 2.5 million tonnes per year. As such, the enquiry inspector agreed with the objections made by the quarry company that the concept of critical environmental capital and environmental capacity carried no weight within current realms of planning policy. The planning decision was therefore overturned. The second case study also occurred in Berkshire where a major international company applied for planning permission to build its new headquarters in a green field location (Parker and Street, 2015). The plans immediately raised objections from local re sidents and environmental pressure groups who claimed that congestion and pollution would increase if the companys headquarters was located in this area as well as damaging sensitive wildlife habitats. These opponents claimed that the government planning guidelines, which sought to reduce dependency on cars, would be flouted if the planning application was granted. However, the Planning Authority was significantly influenced by the companys green transport plan and the potential employment and economic benefits that such a development would bring. Therefore, following acrimonious debate, planning permission was granted without any formal environmental assessment being carried out in the area. In the Cairngorms, a planning application to develop a tourist funicular railway, to carry passengers to the peak of the mountains, was met with much resistance (Warren, 2002). Initially, the Planning Authority sought to reject the application, claiming that such a development would encourag e more visitors to the remote area and damage an ecologically vulnerable area. However, pressure from other council departments, who saw opportunity for economic growth, additional employment and future potential development, forced the Planning Authority to grant permission, regardless of the extensive Environmental Impact Assessment that had been carried out by the Planning Authority proving that the development would cause considerable harm to the sensitive habitats of this area. Despite these case studies showing significant failures in the UKs planning regulations, there is one instance where the environmental value of a particular area was successfully defended. This final case study occurred within the cathedral city of Salisbury (Parker and Street, 2015). The Planning Authority received an application from the Highways Agency to construct a bypass that would reduce congestion within the city centre. This was in line with the County Councils green plans to reduce pollution within the area. However, the route of the proposed bypass would bisect the environmentally important water meadows surrounding the city. These water meadows provided the habitat for a large number of migratory wading birds and were considered environmentally important areas. However, the subsequent public enquiry supported the application, claiming significant benefits for the city if the bypass was built. As such, a number of government advisory bodies on nature conservation and landscape protection were consulted in order to find ways in which to mitigate the impacts of the bypass on the wetland areas. These advisory bodies found that there were no measures that could be adopted that would effectively protect the sensitive habitats and mitigation, for the damage could not be advised. This led the Planning Authority to refuse the application and forced the Highways Agency to consider alternative routes. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be seen that, despite sustainable development being at the forefront of the planning regulations, pressure from industry and the need for economic growth has a tendency to sway Planning Authority decisions. Despite all local and county councils now having green plans and sustainable development plans which encourage protection of the local landscape and environment, many are not being fully utilised. It is considered that until sustainable development is incorporated into national policy and regulations, then the needs for economic growth will always outweigh the needs of the environment. 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