Eng 125 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Eng 125 - Term Paper Example In any case, perusers regularly neglect to comprehend the experience of the writing and think that its hard to get a handle on the idea, for this they have to know the methodologies and types of writing that they are experiencing. Interfacing what is being perused to what is being experienced can be testing and this is the thing that the content clarifies us. It is all the more intriguing in light of the fact that it gives the comprehension and information on the various types of writing that a large portion of the perusers don't comprehend while experiencing the writing. It is apparent that less individuals have interests in sonnets and plays as they are the ones who comprehend the structure, for other people, this content is fascinating as it advises about the structures to assist them with understanding the abstract work that they read. The presentation about the class, creative mind, understanding and the amusingness gives a fascinating perspective to the peruser of this content (Massi, ?2001). As sketched out in this section, the methodology of the peruser ought to be available so as to encounter the abstract work. There are a few different ways to move toward the abstract analysis. Scholarly analysis implies dissecting, comprehension and deciphering what is being communicated. A peruser is the pundit and he can break down the scholarly work just when he comprehends and encounters the work. So as to decipher and look at a story, sonnet or play the methodology that the peruser will utilize is the peruser reaction approach. So as to get into the excursion of writing which implies the peruser needs to interface with what is being stated, investigate it by contemplations and make inferences by the assistance of his reaction. The peruser needs to locate an individual connect to the writing particularly the verse or play. The peruser reaction approach is the most prominently utilized methodology in writing (Trace, 2002). The story, sonnet or play is frequently a necdotal and utilizes topics which identify with the author’s perspective thus perusers regularly think that its hard to comprehend or encounter. The excursion to writing is associating the creative mind of the writer to one’s own creative mind. Since the perusing of a story, sonnet, or play hauls the peruser to a conjured up universe, deserting the circumstances of the world wherein the peruser is breathing and living to a fictional universe made by the creator. So as to apply the peruser reaction approach for such scholarly works, it is significant for the peruser to interface and relate the writing to their genuine lives and their own minds so they can locate a particular part of the work. So as to make a logical exposition about the story, sonnet or play, the peruser must ensure he is cautious towards the inquiries that what caught his advantage, what emotions did he get, did it associate with his life, how can it identify with different functions, what is the insp iration to interface with this artistic work and did this association improve comprehension of new things. This methodology might be trying as the story, sonnets and plays are written in the author’s perspective. The peruser must part with his encompassing world while encountering the writing so as to investigate and interface with it. In addition, to encounter these types of writing, the peruser must have the goal to go himself to the fictional universe which is depicted. A basic reaction to the narratives, sonnets and plays of fiction need full focus. Associating and encountering the

Same Sex Marriage Essay

Same Sex Marriage Essay Same Sex Marriage Essay Allen 1 Alyssa Allen Mrs. Fisher Adv. English 2 May 2014 Same-Sex Marriage Ever since the remarkable radical development in the 1960’s individuals were left finding themselves in new manners. It got satisfactory for a man and a man to be infatuated, alongside a lady and a lady and even a man to be a lady and the other way around. However, not every person discovered this as a â€Å"acceptable method of life†. Since the time individuals started to turn out to be increasingly open about their sexual direction they started battling for their privileges. All things considered, you love who you love and nobody else ought to have the option to keep you from carrying on with a cheerful, protected, safeguarded life. Most of individuals who restrict same-sex marriage do it since they accept that letting gay couples get hitched would rethink marriage itself. Well duh that’s the point. Be that as it may, what is marriage? There are various approaches to take a gander at it; when two individuals are joined in a consensual and lega lly binding relationship perceived by law or only a cozy association. However, most overlook the pledges one must take in such association, â€Å"to have and to hold, from this day forward, for better, for more awful, for more extravagant, for more unfortunate, in disorder and in wellbeing, til' the very end do us part†. I accept this is the best meaning of marriage there is. Letting gay couples get hitched doesn't offer this expression any more vulnerable, it fortifies it (Rauch). At the point when you get hitched you are taking one for all Allen 2 they are and all they offer and promising to cherish them and be there for them until the day they bite the dust. Presently for what reason would you deny somebody their entitlement to cherish another on the grounds that they are a similar sexual orientation? Since you don’t like it? Regardless of whether you don't care for it or in case you're against it, how does a total stranger’s life influence you in any capacity? On the off chance that a gay couple got hitched right presently how might it influence you and the manner in which you carry on with your life. So why not simply let them get hitched. Another contention one may make against gay marriage harms kids. They feel that kids do best when they are raised by wedded, natural guardians, which is valid however not totally. Indeed, a kid may improve one mother and one father each yet it isn't something that would have an immense effect in their lives. Over 33% of youngsters today don’t live with two wedded guardians, something that has been going on decades before same-sex marriage tagged along. Marriage additionally joins non-organic guardians to youngsters; couples who receive their kids, step-guardians who wed into parenthood and LGBT couples. Numerous gay couples have children and the main thing that exacerbates things is the way that those children’s guardians can’t get hitched, not the way that they are being raised by two fathers or two mothers. The fundamental explanation a great many people are against gay marriage is a direct result of strict reasons, and they imagine that crashes with strict freedoms are unavoidable. For instance, consider the possibility that a Salvation Army laborer couldn’t get medicinal services benefits for his significant other. Or on the other hand an understudy at a Baptist school couldn’t get marriage-understudy lodging with her better half? Which is justifiable, however not so much evident. We realize it is a reasonable circumstance since we have just managed it with regards to fetus removal (Rauch). There is a strict freedom that is given that forestalls Allen 3 Catholic clinics from playing out the strategy. The equivalent should be possible about same-sex marriage. So it very well is something that can be managed. Our nation is part down the middle in several different ways. Half of the nation restricts same-sex marriage, the other is for it. Half of the nation figures we ought to have a similar arrangement across the country, thinking if various states had various strategies it would be turmoil. In any case, that’s not the situation. Each state has distinctive marriage gauges like, regardless of whether you can wed a blood relative or the time of assent or on separate, etc. I accept a moderate and continuous change is the thing that America needs to gradually modify its kin

Mobile Phone Technology And Society Example

Mobile Phone Technology And Society Example Mobile Phone: Technology And Society â€" Term Paper Example > Mobile Phones: Changing the Way Society InteractsAbstractCell phone technology has and will continue to transform our lives as we have instant communication at our fingertips anytime, from almost anywhere. From children using or misusing cell phones to the concerns over environmental issues of cell phone disposal and more and more cell towers cropping up over the landscape, cell phones have sparked many a study and a good number of debates about their usefulness or their dangers to health and social well being. For better or for worse, cell phones are here to stay and they appear to be becoming more and more sophisticated, capable of relaying photo and video images almost instantaneously as well as keeping their user updated on current news and weather. Soon cell phones could replace ATM machines, as they can be programmed with a chip containing electronic cash. How far can the technology go? And how will it affect us? IntroductionThe advent of mobile and cellular phone technology enabled business and families to communicate more efficiently; no longer did the person on the road have to search for a working pay phone to make a call, only to find out that their change was wasted on an answering machine or answering service informing the caller that the person they were seeking was away at a meeting. No longer did mobile people have to stop and call back from yet another pay phone, jostling for a parking space in order to use it. In the beginning, mobile phone technology made life much easier. Within the space of two decades, however, cell phone use has become a nightmare for some societies. This essay will explore the history of telephony communications, how these communications have evolved, and the impact of the technology on society, for better or for worse. As consumers of cellular technology have invented new needs, cell phone companies have added much more than simple calling features to cell phones, and the trend of cellular and wireless telephony bec oming more than simple communication is not likely to slow down any time soon. How is it changing us? Where are the limits? And are we communicating better than before, or simply in a different way? The History of Mobile TechnologyOnce the wired telephone system was established and people were able to communicate over long distances, the luxury of privacy was firmly in place. While many people saved money by having a “party line, ” which was the shared cost of several residences using one phone line. The benefit was a lower rate for telephone service, but the drawback was having to wait to use the phone if another residence was using it. The party line system caused its own problems as people became impatient with their co-users, especially if long-winded users tied the line up for a long period of time. In early widespread use of telephones, one dialed the operator if there was an emergency. The operator acted as a dispatcher and notified authorities. In business, telephone operators answered incoming calls and operated a switchboard to connect the caller with the person in the office. As more sophisticated equipment was developed, switching networks made operators obsolete.

How to Manage and Identify Sourwood

Sourwood is a tree for all seasons and is found in the forest understory, along roadsides and a pioneering tree in clearings. A member of the heath family, Oxydendrum arboreum is primarily a hill country tree that has a range from Pennsylvania to the Gulf Coastal Plain. The leaves are dark, lustrous green and appear to weep or hang from the twigs while branches droop toward the ground. Branching patterns and persistent fruit give the tree an interesting look in the winter. Sourwood is one of the first trees to turn fall colors in the Eastern forest. By late August, it is common to see foliage of young sourwood trees along roadsides beginning to turn red. The fall color of sourwood is a striking red and orange and associated with blackgum and sassifras. It is an early summer bloomer and gives fresh flower color after most flowering plants have faded. These flowers also provide the nectar for bees and the very tasty and sought out sourwood honey. Specifics Scientific name: Oxydendrum arboreumPronunciation: ock-sih-DEN-drum ar-BORE-ee-umCommon name(s): Sourwood, Sorrel-TreeFamily: EricaceaeUSDA hardiness zones: USDA hardiness zones: USDA hardiness zones: 5 through 9AOrigin: Native to North AmericaUses: recommended for buffer strips around parking lots or for median strip plantings in the highway; shade tree; specimen; no proven urban toleranceAvailability: somewhat available, may have to go out of the region to find the tree Special Uses Sourwood is occasionally used as an ornamental because of its brilliant fall color and mid-summer flowers. It is of little value as a timber species but the wood is heavy and is used locally for handles, firewood and in mixture with other species for pulp. Sourwood is important as a source of honey in some areas and sourwood honey is marketed locally. Description Sourwood usually grows as a pyramid or narrow oval with a more or less straight trunk at a height of 25 to 35 feet but can reach 50 to 60 feet tall with a spread of 25 to 30 feet. Occasionally young specimens have a more open spreading habit reminiscent of Redbud.Crown density: denseGrowth rate: slowTexture: medium Leaves Leaf arrangement: alternateLeaf type: simpleLeaf margin: entire; serrulate; undulateLeaf shape: lanceolate; oblongLeaf venation: banchidodrome; pinnateLeaf type and persistence: deciduousLeaf blade length: 4 to 8 inchesLeaf color: green Fall color: orange; red Fall characteristic: showy Trunk and Branches Trunk/bark/branches: droop as the tree grows, and will require pruning for vehicular or pedestrian clearance beneath the canopy; not particularly showy; should be grown with a single leader; no thornsPruning requirement: needs little pruning to develop a strong structureBreakage: resistantCurrent year twig color: green; reddishCurrent year twig thickness: medium; thin Pests and Diseases Pests are usually not a problem for Sourwood. Fall webworm can defoliate portions of the tree in summer and fall but usually control is not needed. As far as diseases, twig blight kills leaves at the branch tips. Trees in poor health seem to be more susceptible. Prune out infected branch tips and fertilize. Leaf spots can discolor some leaves but are not serious other than causing premature defoliation. Culture Light requirement: tree grows in part shade/part sun; tree grows in full sunSoil tolerances: clay; loam; sand; acidic; well-drainedDrought tolerance: moderateAerosol salt tolerance: moderate In Depth Sourwood grows slowly, adapts to sun or shade, and prefers a slightly acid, peaty loam. The tree transplants easily when young and from containers of any size. Sourwood grows well in confined soil spaces with good drainage making it a candidate for urban plantings but is largely untried as a street tree. It is reportedly sensitive to air pollution injury Irrigation is required during hot, dry weather to keep leaves on the tree. Reportedly not highly drought tolerant, but there are beautiful specimens in USDA hardiness zone 7 growing in the open sun in poor clay with no irrigation.

The Eighth Amendment And Cruel Punishment Essay - 2194 Words

The eighth amendment states: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. (The Bill of Rights). Although excessive bails and excessive fines are a problem, the focus for this paper is going to be centered on cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. For years, many inmates and other people in society have been victims of cruel and unusual punishment. Extreme cases have included hangings, cadena temporal, being burned alive, public dissection, and today the focus is on lethal injections and quick ways to put people in their deathbeds. Although there is a desirability to steer the chances of crimes, among other factors, I believe that the death penalty, lethal injections, and other forms of perishment are inhumane and therefore contradict the eighth amendment. The eighth amendment is important to me because I believe everyone has something to prove. Everyone can do better, including the people who are imprisoned and have done horrible acts. A death sentence is inhumane to me personally, because I picture my mother getting sentenced to death and having no say in what is happening. Recently, I watched a movie titled Dancer in the Dark directed by Lars von Trier. This movie featured a young single mother raising a child while she was becoming blind. She became friends with her neighbor who was a cop, and the cop became immensely suicidal one evening due to a lack and heavy spendage of income from his family,Show MoreRelatedImportance Of The Eighth Amendment1115 Words   |  5 PagesThe eighth amendment helps people stay safe, for those who are going to jury. The eighth amendment was ratified in 1791 and stated that, â€Å"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines are imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.† This was made to help make sure that more amounts of bail money/property are not given to by excessive amounts, and that cruel or unusual punishments are not prohibited to any person going into court. Bail is where a certain amount of money is requiredRead MoreThe Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagesnor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Eighth Amendment, 1791 The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution limits the punishments that may be imposed by the government on American citizens. These limits are compulsory among the states by way of the Fourteenth Amendment. The English Bill of Rights of 1689 expressed concern with arbitrary and disproportionate sanctions, giving way to the Founders inclusion of the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. To explore the Eighth AmendmentRead MoreSupreme Court Cases and the Eighth Ammendment865 Words   |  3 Pagesthe first ten amendments which were included to guarantee personal rights. One interesting amendment that has tested numerous times through the Supreme Court is the Eighth Amendment: no cruel or unusual punishment, it definitely changed America’s on what punishment is considered cruel and unusual. The Eighth Amendment was tested through many Supreme Court and there were some very significant ones such as the Miller v. Alabama. The no cruel or unusual aspect of the Eighth Amendment gives protectionRead MoreEssay about 8th Amendment1153 Words   |  5 PagesThe Eighth Amendment The 8th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, as well as the setting of excessive bail or the imposition of excessive fines. However, it has also been deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States (according to the Eighth Amendment)to inflict physical damage on students in a school environment for the purpose of discipline in most circumstances. The 8th Amendment stipulates that bail shall notRead MoreEssay about The Eighth Amendment1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe 8th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, as well as the setting of excessive bail or the imposition of excessive fines. However, it has also been deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States (according to the Eighth Amendment)to inflict physical damage on students in a school environment for the purpose of discipline in most circumstances. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The 8th Amendment stipulatesRead MoreThe Eighth Amendment and Death Penalty Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesThe Eight Amendment to the U.S. Constitution â€Å"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted†, proposed on 9/25/1789 and approved on 12/15/1791. The cruel and unusual punishment confines the harshness of penalties that state and federal governments may inflict upon ones who have been condemned of a criminal offense. The excessive fines phrase restricts the amount that state and federal governments may possibly fine an individual for aRead MoreConstitutional Conflict of the Dealth Penalty Essay584 Words   |  3 Pages The courts positions of the death penalty has changed over the years. For centuries societies have used death as the ultimate penalty for crime. In the 1960s, the court ruled against the death penalty as a cruel and unusual punishment, which was forbidden by th e eighth amendment of the Constitution. By the 1990s the death penalty was again in wide use supported by the court and Congress, which continually expanded by legislation the crimes for which death would be an acceptable penaltyRead MoreThe Debate Over Capital Punishment936 Words   |  4 Pages The debate over capital punishment is in regards to whether the death penalty contradicts the Eighth Amendment. If the death penalty does contradict the Eight Amendment, then the State should not have the power to sentence criminals to death for capital crimes. However, if capital punishment is not against the Eighth Amendment, then the State has the right to sentence criminals to death. In this essay I will first summarize Justice Brennan’s argument on why the death penalty is beyond the powerRead MoreDebate on the Death Penalty in America1482 Words   |  6 Pagesabove is from the book, Cruel and Unusual. It later states in this book that if Simmons had received the death penalty then that would have violated his eighth and fourteenth amendment rights. Why is it that a person committing such a heinous crime could receive life in prison when another person committing an equally horrible offence might receive capital punishment? Is it right for the United States to operate a system such as capital punishment? Does capital punishment follow the guidelines setRead MoreConstitutionality of the Death Penalty1485 Words   |  6 Pages12-16 ) The excerpt above is from the book Cruel and Unusual. It later states in this book that if Simmons had received the death penalty then that would have violated his eighth and fourteenth amendment rights. Why is it that a person committing such a heinous crime could receive life in prison when another person committing an equal offence might receive capital punishment? Is it right for the United States to operate a system such as capital punishment? Does that follow the guidelines set out by

School Does Not Prepare You for Life Free Essays

It is argued that school is designed to teach individuals how to teach themselves, but many scholars who study the state of academia would argue this is not the case. It is a common belief that the western private schools and universities are industrialized markets more focused on their profit margins, and pleasing parents, than preparing their students for the real world. The public school system is even worse off in that their infrastructure and supplies are largely dependent on the average income tax of their local communities, which in most urban areas barely makes the grade. We will write a custom essay sample on School Does Not Prepare You for Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not often considered to be a home for organizations, the schooling industry in the United Kingdom has become a major source of profitable income. A national curriculum is mandatory in all state schools in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for virtually every student up to the age of 16. It is organized by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA) and its partner authorities, the Qualifications, Curriculum and Assessment Authority for Wales and the Northern Ireland Council for Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment (CCEA) (HayGroup, 2006). The main aim of the national curriculum is to raise standards, making sure all children have a broad and balanced education up to the age of 16. In the past, many students dropped important subjects like modern language or science at 13 or 14 (Boone, 2006). If these mergers become successful, no different from major corporations, they mean expanded profit margins for whoever holds the asset. These schools are already considered financial assets, through the increase in property value around them, whether the property is owned by the government or privately owned (Boone, 2006). This is not a major issue for public schools, but when you consider privately owned schools, or Universities, the profitability of these corporations pedaling degrees must be realized. More often than not, these Universities are considered to be doing a common good, and therefore held in the charitable status tax bracket, where they are to very minimally taxed. This leads to more profit gains, and less reason to complicate the curriculum even if it fails to serve its purpose. In her essay, From Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work Jean Anyon identifies the hypocrisies in the education system. One of her major points is that in the higher income classrooms the majority of the students’ parents are executives, and only 10% are minorities. A common finding in her research is that the working class schools lack the necessary materials, or faculty, to be considered equal with the other school systems. Anyon also argues that the curriculums are different. students in different social-class backgrounds are rewarded for classroom behaviors that correspond to personality traits allegedly rewarded in the different occupational strata – the working classes for docility and obedience, the managerial classes for initiative and personal assertiveness. (Anyon, 1980) The defining line of the difference between what Anyon considers to be the executive curriculum and the working class is that the use of efficient learning methods verses inefficient forms. Historically, the most efficient form of learning used in the west, more so than textbooks, is the field trip; this is also known as project based learning (B. I. E. , 2002). It is also a very expensive learning tool, which is why most lower class curriculums are deprived of it. Project based learning has a long lived tradition of learning through the use of field trips, labs, investigations and other projects. It is considered to be a substantial method of teaching. The belief that drives this form of instructions revolves around the idea that students will be more liable to gain interest in curriculum that they can connect to their surroundings. Just studying the work in a text can grow to be mundane. When she analyzes elementary and secondary classroom curriculums, she finds a methodology very different from what is inherent in Project based education. Anyon discovers that the majority of contemporary textbook instruction is designed for the working class. PBL programs are usually not supported in public schools because they are too expensive. This difference is usually applicable to public schools and whether one is located near high income housing or low income housing. In sum, the school system in the U. K. suffers from capitalist interests, so much so that it fails to prepare its students for the real world. A lack of project based learning in lower income schools deprives the majority of the U. K. population of having real life instruction. Likewise, the upper class institutions that Anyon refers to, while they prepare students for executive positions, they handicap the students from ever being able to handle manual labor in the real world (Anyon, 1980). The end result is a generation of students that are socioeconomically segregated and that lack the necessary resourcefulness to survive on their own. School systems today produce students who are reliant on major corporations to employ them for skills they were predisposed to having. How to cite School Does Not Prepare You for Life, Papers

Introduction and Conclusion Strategies free essay sample

Increasing self confident, adding friends and partner, correcting verbal and non-verbal immunization, having experience to face unexpected situation to speak inferno of public, increasing achievement in career, and delivering opinion. Speech as a part of communication has its own structure in order to make the ideas can be transferred easily. Furthermore Else and Paperbacks (1970, p. 28-30) noted that plot structure of speech Include three separate but Integrated parts : the beginning, middle, and end. Abstract part contains of the overview of the speech and gives the audience a sense of what they are going to receive.Body contains of materials that orator is going to liver for the audience, and conclusion contains of summarize of the speech. Penthouse each part has their own important points, but some sections receive more attention than others section because of the way people listen. For instance, Lucas (2009) points out that the first priority In audiences attention Is abstract. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction and Conclusion Strategies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In abstract section, orator can gain the highest attention of the audience because they are most ready to be informed, persuaded, and entertained.The second priority is conclusion because the listener might hope an inspiring closing which can change their life. The last priority is body because the attention of listener will up and down in this section. The introduction and conclusion part appear in every speech because most of the listeners give their attention In Introduction and conclusion, orator needs to consider some strategies of Introduction and conclusion to grab attention of the audience to make his/ her speech can be delivered easily.Lucas (2009) talked about 4 kinds of strategies in introduction of speech, that is relating the topic to the audience, stating the importance of your topic, startling the audience, arousing the curiosity odd audience, asking the audience, using a quotation, and telling a story. He also mentioned 6 kinds of strategies In conclusion of speech, that is signaling the end of the speech, reinforcing the central Idea, summarizing speech, ending with quotation, making a dramatic statement, and referring to the Introduction.Astute (201 1 ) also talked about 7 kinds odd strategies in introduction of speech, that is using grabber, telling a Joke, using quotation, telling a story, using games, using statistic data, and using visual aids. She also mentioned 5 kinds of strategies in conclusion of speech, hat are summarizing each point in body section, making a clear and brief closing sentence, using a rhetorical question, using a quotation, making a repeated statement. Barack Obama deliver more than one speech In a day using many kind of his speeches in order to make sure that his idea can be delivered clearly.It is very interesting that every single word from his speech become a topic to persuade many people because Barack Obama also used those strategies. His speech i n every occasion become an attention of people in many countries. Thornton wrote in arteriosclerosis. Com about the analysis of Beams speech, miss We Can . He analyzed beams speech and found that Obama used an arousing the audiences curiosity in his introduction by giving a sentence which told the audience that there is something that must be changed. This strategy refer to the introduction strategy by Lucas.Obama also used anecdotes to deliver the problems of his speech by using an anecdote about Dunking Donuts employee refer to the problem of human resounding. This strategies refer to the strategy by Astute. Based on the literature and explanation review above, the writer is interested in analyzing the introduction and conclusion strategies used in Beams speeches entitle The Analysis of Introduction and Conclusion Strategies Used in Beams Speeches 2. Problem The problem formulation of this final report are as follows: * What are the introduction and conclusion strategies used in Beams speeches? . Purpose and benefit The purpose of this writing is : * To know about the introduction and conclusion used in Beams speeches. The benefit of this final report are : * To enlarge the writers knowledge about introduction and conclusion strategies used in Beams speeches. * To give contribution to English Department about the introduction and conclusion strategies in speech. To be a useful reference in analyzing introduction and conclusion strategies used in Beams speech. 4.In the other hand, Silage (2009) define public speaking as communication practice of a speaker sharing ideas with an conclude that public speaking is a communication technique of sharing ideas in front of people through speech in order to deliver information or alter someones view or opinions. B. Speech Types Tone (2010) states that speech has 4 different types based on its purpose : persuasive speech, informative speech, inspiration speech, and entertaining speech. * Persuasive speech means that the primary purpose is to influence the thinking or behavior of the audience.In order for the audience to be willing to listen to you they have to like you, respect you and trust you. They must be able to identify with you in some way and you have to give them a reason why they should listen to what you have to say. * Informative speech means that the purpose is to teach the audience something new or to expand their existing knowledge. It may mean exposing them to a topic or idea they know nothing about, showing them how to use a piece of equipment, or helping them learn a new skill. Inspiration speech means that the repose of an inspirational speech is to ask your audience to improve in one of several ways, personally, emotionally, professionally, or spiritually. The inspirational speaker relies more on emotional appeal than logical appeal. The speaker is attempting to connect with the individual listeners feelings. The speaker explains why and how the situation is changing or why their current emotions, fears or goals may be inadequate or counterproductive. Inspirational speakers motivate the audience and challenge them to do more at a higher level and specify the benefits they can expect if they do so.Entertaining speech means that the speaker will present a serious point in low-key humorous key. The speaker needs to be a showman when he/she is doing an entertaining speech. If its supposed to be humorous then your attitude must be fun and lighthearted. The speakers primary goal is to make sure that the audience has a great time. C. The structure of Speech Lucas (2009) states that there are 3 parts in structure of speech, there are abstract, body, and conclusion. Each parts have different function in speech.The abstract part contains of an introduction of the topic of the speech. The body part is the longest ND detailed part in speech, it is contains of the supporting materials related to the topic. The conclusion contains of the summary of the topic. Penthouse each part has their own important points, but some section receive more attention than others section because of the way people listen. Lucas (2009) indicates that listeners have the following priorities: * First priority Abstract : You can count on listeners greatest physical and mental attention at the outset of the speech.They are most ready to be informed, persuaded, or entertained. Use this opportunity to create a good impression and dont squander the chance. Second priority Conclusion : You have the second highest attention at the end of the speech. The audience wants the true sense of ending. On a more basic level, they may hoping for an inspiring close because they alienist plain tired of sitting. * Third priority Body : You have the listeners lowest attention in the middle of the speech. It is not that the listener focused as they are at beginning and end.D. Introduction According to Nordstrom, introduction is the opening of essay and speech, which typically identifies the topic, arouses interest, and prepares the audience for the velveteen of thesis. Introduction plays a special role in making essay or speech skill. In making essay, introduction needs much of writers attention. A good introduction in essay should identify the topic, provide essential context, and indicate the particular focus of the essay. These important points also need to be considered in speech.There are four important function of introduction in speech, it is gain the attention and interest of the audience, gain the goodwill of the audience, clearly state the purpose of the speech for the audience, and preview the speech for audience. The first two function is to make the audience want to listen to the orator and the other two function is to help the audience listen to the orator. By seeing the importance of introduction in speech, some expert such as Stephen Lucas and Astute point out several strategies that can be used by an orator to make their introduction become more interesting for the audience. E.The Introduction strategies in Speech Lucas (2009) points out 1 1 introduction strategies used in speech, they are: 1. Get attention and interest In a process of getting attention and interest from the audience, there are several tragedies which help the audience to caught up in your speech, they are: a. Relate the topic to the audience People pay attention to the things that affect them directly. If you can relate the topic to the audience, they are much more to be interested in it. B. State the importance of your topic Begin the speech by telling the audience how important the topic that you are going to deliver. . Startle the audience One surefire way to arouse interest quickly is to startle the audience with an arresting or intriguing statement. D. Arouse the curiosity of the audience One way to draw them into your speech is with a series of statements that progressively whet their curiosity about the subject of the speech. E. Question the audience Asking a rhetorical question which is meaningful and firmly related to the speech is another way to get your listener thinking about your speech. F. Begin with quotation Another way to arouse the interest of the audience is to start with using a well known or famous quotation.You might choose your quotation from Shakespeare or Confucius, Bible, poem, song, or film. G. Tell a story You can use a provocative, amusing, dramatic or suspenseful story to begin our beech. The story should also be clearly relevant to the main topic of speech. 2. Reveal the story In the process of introduction, be sure to state clearly the topic of your speech. If you do not, your listener will be confused. And once they are confuse, your chances of goodwill Credibility is mostly a matter of being qualified to speak an a given topic and being perceived as qualified by your listeners.The credibility can come from reading, classes, interview, friends, and other sources. Goodwill is showing the audience the reputation of the speaker while the speaker should also defuse the hostility right at he start of the speech. 4. Preview the body of speech One way to help the audience caught up the topic of the speech, we can show them the preview of the body of the speech. You can use some preview statement such as definition and background which can be understood by the audience. Astute (2011) also points out several strategies in introduction part of the speech : 1.Punch (1998) states that qualitative research is empirical research where the data are not in the form of number. Robinson (2010) states that description method, as opposed to an experimental or normative method, develops knowledge by describing observed situation, events, and object. In this report, the writer will use this method to describe the introduction and conclusion strategy that is used by Obama in his speech. 3. Method of collecting data The writer will use document analysis as method of collecting data.The writer will analyze the speech transcript of Obama, classifying the introduction and conclusion part in every speech, and finding the introduction and conclusion strategy that is used by Obama. 4. Method of data analysis In analyzing the data, the writer used following steps: 1. Collecting Barack Beams speech transcripts 2. Reading the Barack Beams speech transcripts 3. Classifying the introduction and conclusion part in Beams speeches. 4. Deciding the introduction and conclusion strategy used by Obama. 5. Counting the total of each strategy used by Obama.